In
winter, the range of electric vehicles is much less than what the
manufacturer has indicated, and some even reach more than one-third.
This
starts with the principle of electric vehicle batteries. In winter,
electric vehicles are parked outdoors, and low temperatures will
directly affect the activity of lithium batteries. To restore the
activity of batteries, electricity is needed to heat the batteries to
restore the temperature, and this part of the electricity consumed is
the part of the "shrinkage" of the range.
Generally speaking, the vast majority of electric vehicles and even electronic digital products on the market currently use lithium-ion batteries,
which are commonly known as lithium batteries. Common electric vehicle
lithium batteries are mainly lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese
oxide and ternary lithium batteries.
Like
common batteries, lithium batteries are also divided into positive and
negative electrodes, in which all lithium ions are stored in the
positive electrode, while the negative electrode is composed of graphite
(carbon). Between the positive and negative electrodes are electrolytes
and diaphragms. The discharge process of lithium batteries is the
movement of lithium ions from the negative electrode to the positive
electrode, and the discharge of lithium batteries is used to provide the
power required for the operation of various devices, including electric
vehicles.
In low
temperature environments, the main reason why electric vehicles have a
shorter range is that extremely low temperatures affect the activity of
lithium compounds. The most common compounds in lithium batteries are
lithium iron phosphate, and lithium manganese oxide is also included.
The activity of these compounds at different temperatures determines the
range of electric vehicle lithium batteries at different temperatures.
For example, the most common lithium iron phosphate
has a very good high temperature resistance, so it has the best
discharge capacity in spring and summer between 20 and 40 degrees.
However, in the winter in the north, as the temperature drops, the
activity gradually decreases, and the discharge capacity will gradually
decrease. Especially in the low temperature environment of minus 20
degrees, which is more common in the northeast, it will even be close to
50%.
As for why electric
vehicles drop in range in winter, it is now clear. Too low temperature
has a relatively large impact on the activity of both the positive and
negative electrodes of lithium batteries. Therefore, the range of
electric vehicles under low temperature conditions is obviously not as
good as in other seasons.
In
order to increase the activity of elements in lithium batteries, the
temperature of the battery needs to be restored to the most suitable
working temperature, so electric vehicle manufacturers will take some
measures in the car to "keep warm" the lithium battery.
So
to sum it up simply is: if an electric car is parked outdoors in winter
or parked in a low temperature environment for a long time, the low
temperature will directly affect the activity of the lithium battery. In
order to restore the battery activity, electricity is needed to heat
the battery and restore the temperature.
BENZO Energy Technology Co.,Ltd
UFine Technology Co., Ltd
TEL: +86-755-84822012
TEL: +86-13538185686
Email: contact@benzoenergy.com
Email: sales02@benzoenergy.com
Email: sales03@benzoenergy.com
Email: sales01@benzoenergy.com
Skype: benzobattery1231@gmail.com
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Factory Address 1: Luoma Second Bridge, Tiansheng Lake Villager Group, Luoma Village, QingXi Town, DongGuan, China
Factory Address 2: Building
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Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong, China
Site: www.bz-battery.com / www.benzoenergy.com
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